Shakespeares Sonnets :: William Shakespeare

There has been some dispute whether or not the sonnets are actually written by William Shakespeare, the strongest argument for this is the phrase "BY.OVR.EVERLIVING.POET.", in which some, the most notable being the entertainment lawyer and author Bertram Fields, argue that this would mean the author would be dead by 1609, while William Shakespeare lived until 1616.[1] The 154 poems were most likely written over a period of several years and published in the 1609 collection. These were all in sonnet form and previously unpublished, with the exception of poem number 138 and 144 which had been part of The Passionate Pilgrim, released in 1599. Sonnets 18-126 tell the story of young man and the poet's admiration and love for him, while 127-152 are addressed to the poet's mistress. In this essay we will look at sonnets 18, 116 and 130 and what they say about love, and see if they share similarities with each other.[2] Sonnet XVIII (18) Sonnet 18 speaks of love in its purest form; it is obvious that the author has great admiration for the person the sonnet is addressed to, giving the subject an almost god-like and eternal status. If we look at the two first lines: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:". It is clear that he cannot use a summer's day as a comparison, because the person is better than a summer's day. He goes on to explain how a summer's day is not perfect, saying that: "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May" and "And summer's lease hath all to short a date". This is believed to mean that even a summer's day has its faults, in the start of summer there can be rough storms that distort the beauty of darling buds and summer does not last for ever. At the end of the sonnet there are some very important lines, which speak of eternal life and beauty: â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade† This can be seen as a promise that he will never die and be forgotten, nor will he lose the beauty which he owns. The last line could be a biblical reference â€Å"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil: for thou art with me†[3], even though death has taken him, his beauty will glow like a beacon and light up any shade death may have cast upon him, thus giving eternal life.

The 4p Applied by Coca-Cola Company

Title: The 4P applied by the Coca- Cola Company. 1. 0 Company Overview Coca-Cola history began in 1886 when the curiosity of an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John S. Pemberton, led him to create a distinctive tasting soft drink that could be sold at soda fountains. He created a flavoured syrup, took it to his neighbourhood pharmacy, where it was mixed with carbonated water and deemed â€Å"excellent† by those who sampled it. Dr. Pemberton's partner and bookkeeper, Frank M. Robinson, is credited with naming the beverage â€Å"Coca-Cola† as well as designing the trademarked, distinct script, still used today. Picture 1: Dr. John S.Pemberton Prior to his death in 1888, just two years after creating what was to become the world's number 1 selling sparkling beverage, Dr. Pemberton sold portions of his business to various parties, with the majority of the interest sold to Atlanta businessman, Asa G. Candler. Under Mr. Candler's leadership, distribution of Coca-Cola expanded to soda fountains beyond Atlanta. In 1894, impressed by the growing demand for Coca-Cola and the desire to make the beverage portable, Joseph Biedenharn installed bottling machinery in the rear of his Mississippi soda fountain, becoming the first to put Coca-Cola in bottles.Large scale bottling was made possible just five years later, when in 1899, three enterprising businessmen in Chattanooga, Tennessee secured exclusive rights to bottle and sell Coca-Cola. The three entrepreneurs purchased the bottling rights from Asa Candler for just $1. Benjamin Thomas, Joseph Whitehead and John Lupton developed what became the Coca-Cola worldwide bottling system. 2. 0 Product Description Coca- Cola Company comes out with plenty of product variations from the years it is invented until now.The most popular product is the original version of Coca- Cola, this is the key products for Coca-Cola company. Besides that there is plenty others product developed by Coca-Cola Company based on the demand, here is the top Coca-Cola products sell all around the world: Name| Launched| Discontinued| Notes| Picture| Coca-Cola| 1886| Present| The original version of Coca-Cola. | | Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola| 1983| Present| The caffeine free version of Coca-Cola. | | Coca-Cola Cherry| 1985| Present| Was available in Canada starting in 1996.Called â€Å"Cherry Coca-Cola (Cherry Coke)† in North America until 2006. | | New Coke/†Coca-Cola II†| 1985| 2002| Was still available in Yap and American Samoa| | Coca-Cola with Lemon| 2001| 2005| Available in:Australia, American Samoa, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Korea, Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Reunion, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, and West Bank-Gaza. | Coca-Cola Vanilla| 2002; 2007| Present| Available in: Austria, Australia, China, Finland, Germ any, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Malaysia, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. It was reintroduced in June 2007 by popular demand. | | Coca-Cola with Lime| 2005| Present| Available in Belgium, Netherlands, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. | Coca-Cola Raspberry| 2006| Middle of 2007| Was replaced by Vanilla Coke in June 2007| | Coca-Cola Blak| 2006| Beginning of 2008| Only available in the United States, France, Canada, Czech Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Lithuania| | Coca-Cola Citra| 2006| Present| Only available in Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Zealand and Japan. | | Coca-Cola Orange| 2007| Present| Was available in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar for a limited time. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland it's sold under the label Mezzo Mix.Currently available in Coca-Cola Freestyle fountain outlets in the United States since 2009. | | Beside of products variation, every Coca-Cola products must come with their official logo. The famous Co ca-Cola logo was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885. Robinson came up with the name and chose the logo's distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid-19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period. Robinson also played a significant role in early Coca-Cola advertising.His promotional suggestions to Pemberton included giving away thousands of free drink coupons and plastering the city of Atlanta with publicity banners and streetcar signs. Picture 2: Coca-Cola official logo. 3. 0 Pricing Strategies At United State, pricing strategies is the major factor contributing to the growth of the company in order to keep Coca-Cola as the leading brand for carbonated soft drinks. In November 2009, due to a dispute over wholesale prices of Coca-Cola products, Costco stopped restocking its shelves with Coke and Diet Coke.However, some Costco locations (suc h as the ones in Tucson, Arizona), sell imported Coca-Cola from Mexico. Coca-Cola introduced the 7. 5-ounce mini-can in 2009, and on September 22, 2011, the company announced price reductions, asking retailers to sell eight-packs for $2. 99. That same day, Coca-Cola announced the 12. 5-ounce bottle, to sell for 89 cents. A 16-ounce bottle has sold well at 99 cents since being re-introduced, but the price was going up to $1. 19. In 2012, Coca-Cola would resume business in Myanmar after 60 years of absence due to U.S. -imposed investment sanctions against the country. Coca-Cola with its partners is to invest USD 5 billion in its operations in India by 2020. In Malaysia Coca-cola products come with 3 sizes. It can be bought as low as RM 1. 70 per can (325ml), for 500ml bottles it can be bought at RM 2. 50 average, and for the 1. 5L bottle the price is between RM 3. 50 – 4. 00. 4. 0 Promotional Element Used. The first marketing efforts in Coca-Cola history were executed through c oupons promoting free samples of the beverage.Considered an innovative tactic back in 1887, couponing was followed by newspaper advertising and the distribution of promotional items bearing the Coca-Cola script to participating pharmacies. Coca-Cola's advertising has significantly affected American culture, and it is frequently credited with inventing the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in a red-and-white suit. Although the company did start using the red-and-white Santa image in the 1930s, with its winter advertising campaigns illustrated by Haddon Sundblom, the motif was lready common. Coca-Cola was not even the first soft drink company to use the modern image of Santa Claus in its advertising: White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923, after first using him to sell mineral water in 1915. Before Santa Claus, Coca-Cola relied on images of smartly dressed young women to sell its beverages. Coca-Cola's first such advertisement appeared in 1895, featuring the young Bostonian actress Hilda Clark as its spokeswoman. 4. 1 Holiday campaigns The â€Å"Holidays are coming! advertisement features a train of red delivery trucks, emblazoned with the Coca-Cola name and decorated with Christmas lights, driving through a snowy landscape and causing everything that they pass to light up and people to watch as they pass through. The advertisement fell into disuse in 2001, as the Coca-Cola Company restructured its advertising campaigns so that advertising around the world was produced locally in each country, rather than centrally in the company's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.In 2007, the company brought back the campaign, according to the company many consumers telephoned its information centre saying that they considered it to mark the beginning of Christmas. The advertisement was created by U. S. advertising agency Doner, and has been part of the company's global advertising campaign for many years. 4. 2 Sports sponsorship C oca-Cola was the first commercial sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in Amsterdam, and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since.This corporate sponsorship included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its hometown. Most recently, Coca-Cola has released localized commercials for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver; one Canadian commercial referred to Canada's hockey heritage and was modified after Canada won the gold medal game on February 28, 2010 by changing the ending line of the commercial to say â€Å"Now they know whose game they're playing†. Since 1978, Coca-Cola has sponsored the FIFA World Cup, and other competitions organised by FIFA.One FIFA tournament trophy, the FIFA World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997, was called â€Å"FIFA  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Coca Cola Cup†. In addition, Coca-Cola sponsors the annual Coca-Cola 600 and Coke Zero 400 for the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina and Daytona International Speedway in Daytona, Florida. 4. 3 In mass media Fast forward to the 1970s when Coca-Cola's advertising started to reflect a brand connected with fun, friends and good times.Many fondly remember the 1971 Hilltop Singers performing â€Å"I'd Like to Buy the World a Coke†, or the 1979 â€Å"Have a Coke and a Smile† commercial featuring a young fan giving Pittsburgh Steeler, â€Å"Mean Joe Greene†, a refreshing bottle of Coca-Cola. You can enjoy these and many more advertising campaigns from around the world in the â€Å"Perfect Pauses Theatre† at the World of Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola has been prominently featured in countless films and television programs.Since its creation, it remains as one of the most important elements of the popular culture. It was a major plot element in films such as One, Two, Three, The Coca-Cola Kid, and The Gods Must Be Crazy among many others. It provides a setting for comical corporate shenanigans in the novel Syrup by Maxx Barry. And in music, in The Beatles' song, â€Å"Come Together†, the lyrics said, â€Å"He shoot Coca-Cola, he say†¦ â€Å". The Beach Boys also referenced Coca-Cola in their 1964 song â€Å"All Summer Long† (i. e. ‘Member when you spilled Coke all over your blouse? Also, the best selling artist of all time and worldwide cultural icon, Elvis Presley, promoted Coca-Cola during his last tour of 1977. The Coca-Cola Company used Elvis' image to promote the product. For example, the company used a song performed by Presley, A Little Less Conversation, in a Japanese Coca-Cola commercial. 5. 0 Place and The Products / Service Are Delivered To Customer. Coca-Cola as the number 1 carbonated soft drinks throughout all the nations, this soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines in every country except Cuba and North Korea.Example like Malaysia, Coca-Cola products can be purchased at all 7 Eleven stores throughout this country 24hours per day. To make these products consistently at market, Coca-Cola Company come with idea to setup factory at the selected country for produce their products, called as franchised production model. The actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas.The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, and then carbonate it before putting it in cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, such as Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company and Coca-Cola FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce al most half of the volume sold in the world.Independent bottlers are allowed to sweeten the drink according to local tastes. The bottling plant in Skopje, Macedonia, received the 2009 award for â€Å"Best Bottling Company†. 6. 0 Conclusion. Coca-Cola has been criticized for alleged adverse health effects, its aggressive marketing to children, exploitative labour practices, high levels of pesticides in its products, building plants in Nazi Germany which employed slave labour, environmental destruction, monopolistic business practices, and hiring paramilitary units to murder trade union leaders.In October 2009, in an effort to improve their image, Coca-Cola partnered with the American Academy of Family Physicians, providing a $500,000 grant to help promote healthy-lifestyle education; the partnership spawned sharp criticism of both Coca-Cola and the AAFP by physicians and nutritionists. Even though have been criticized by media, nutritionists, doctors and many parties, actually C oca-Cola Company are contributing to the growth of the country that they put their factory.As the giant player in carbonated soft drinks, Coca-Cola Company have build up their strong marketing strategies for many decades and they learned from past experience that make what they as today. Besides that the implementation of the 4P highlighted in this discussion is the key factor that makes them bigger, stronger and relevance all this time. In my opinion if anyone wants to setup a company for any industries, Coca-Cola Company experience, discipline and marketing strategies can be the best example to become a successful player in any businesses you entered.

Essay on Models of Criminal Justice Exploring the...

Introduction There are three theories or models of criminal justice. The first one is the retributive theory while the second is the rehabilitative theory and the last is the restorative theory. The first basically concerns itself with the punishment of people by putting them in boot camps , in order to deter their ways. Such instills discipline and fear , which in turn reduces crime. The second one believes that working with these people change their ways reduce crime (The U .S . Penal System :Restorative and /or Retributive Justice . The third one aims to reintroduce and re-incorporate the persons back into the community after retribution or rehabilitation . The first one is optimistic and believes that people are innately good†¦show more content†¦Background Parole in Americas criminal system is one of todays most hotly debated topics in the criminal justice field is whether or not individual states should abandon the parole system. Basically parole is a release from con finement after serving part of the sentence: conditional release from prison under supervision of a parole officer who has the authority to recommend a return to prison if the conditions of parole are violated. It is only in the last 30 years that community corrections have become a substantial part of the correctional system. (The procedure known as â€Å"parole† in the criminal justice system has been in practice in the United States since the late 1800’s when it was begun in a reformatory in Elmira, New York. The ground work for probation was laid in 1830 with the use of release on recognizance . Probation began to emerge in 1841 with the volunteer efforts of John Augustus . He recommended to judges that certain offenders be released under his supervision. ) In recent years, the push for alternatives to incarceration has, in large part, been in response to rapidly increasing prison populations in Canada and the United States. Legislators in Canada and the United States have passedShow MoreRelatedChoosing A Juvenile Probation Officer2033 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile probation officer. Juvenile probation officers work with youths that have been placed on probation and or have been court order to attend an alternative consequence school to continue their education. Most juvenile probation officers work with youths at a particular stage of their probation process, for an example supervision or investigation. This paper will cover information on the juvenile justice system and my career choice by touching bases with my interviewee a Juvenile Probation OfficerRead MoreEssay about Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System1854 Words   |  8 PagesRestorative Justice 1 Running Head: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System Jeffrey A. McGhee PSF5002 Survey of Public Safety Issues, Theory and Concepts 501 West Northern Parkway Baltimore, Maryland 21210 Telephone: 410-323-7452 Email: jmcghee6@gmail.com Instructor: Kenneth Szymkowiak Restorative Justice 2 The modern field of restorative justice developed in the 1970’s from case experiments in several communities with a proportionatelyRead MoreHow Probation Officers Are Within Society And The Challenges Faced By People With The Criminal Justice System2297 Words   |  10 Pagesmy dissertation. Both of these theorists are considered members of the sociological cannon and influenced the work of later theorists. My dissertation will focus on how probation officers are situated in society and the challenges faced by people suffering from mental illness coming into contact with the criminal justice system. It will explore the welfare of officers, treatment of offenders, and the overall role of community supervision in the community. I will introduce my work and explain howRead MoreThe Extreme Justice League By Michael Barnett1244 Words   |  5 Pagesextreme justice league. The extreme justice league consists of middle ages men and women who are real life superheroes. Each of t heses superheroes has various backgrounds of being victims or affected by violence or assault or have had a troublesome upbringing. For example, as a child, Master Legend was forced by his father to fight in a ring against his friends and other children. If he lost the fight he would not be allowed to eat dinner and he would get locked in a closet. The extreme justice leagueRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice Administration1433 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration CJA 484 Lori Madison Nowhere is ethical behavior more important than the administration of criminal justice. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the criminal justice system. 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Tarvydas’s integrative decisio n-making of the ethical behavior model can also be essentialRead MoreCriminal Justice Final Exam2621 Words   |  11 PagesQuestion two: To begin with, criminal justice is a system that is designed to maintain social control, which means it is a necessary aspect of every society since â€Å"Laws are the conditions under which independent and isolated men united to form a society† (Beccaria, 1764: 16). In order words, crime control deals with the methods that are taken by a society to reduce its crime. As a matter of fact, there are various crime control strategies from community policing to risk assessments. In addition

Video Games Promote Violence And Sexual Aggression

Over the past few decades, video games have rapidly evolved from simple games like Pac-Man and Tetris to complex interactive media platforms popular with people of all ages. As video games skyrocketed in popularity, so have public attention and research studies alongside them. The controversial issue of video games promoting violence or sexual aggression is currently still being hotly debated by educated people from both sides of the argument. However, there is compelling evidence which proves that themes of violence in video games do indeed affect violent tendencies in the real-world, including but not limited to forms of sexual aggression towards women due to the objectification of female characters in video games. In Grand Theft Auto V, players are awarded a prostitute’s money once they kill her and forced to enact a torture session on someone to extract information from him; in the Call of Duty Franchise, players are prompted to gun down and bomb innocent civilians. These games are only a few examples of exposure to violence in a rising media form. Considering that â€Å"upward[s] of 90 percent of American children between the ages of 2 and 17 play video and computer games regularly† (Funk, 1993), the high content of violence in video games should be re-evaluated. Though not all violence in video games is depicted seriously, â€Å"most of the top-selling video games (89%) [contain] violent content† (Knowles et. al, 2001). There have been thousands of studies indicating aShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Media Violence On Teenagers1509 Words   |  7 PagesEffects on Media Violence and Young Children and Teenagers Violence and aggression have been seen often in nowadays media through music, commercials, video games, television and movies. Many argue whether the violence in media makes impact on people. Some claim there is no correlation between violence in media and reality. 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Metamorphosis of Tata Steel -the Challenges of Change...

METAMORPHOSIS OF TATA STEEL -THE CHALLENGES OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. — Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince (1532) In times of rapid change, experience could be your worst enemy. — J. Paul Getty INTRODUCTION 1. Tata Steel is the largest steel company of the country and at present stands as the 10th largest steel firm in the world. The company with its headquarters in Jamshedpur operates in 20 countries with a presence in about 50 countries across the world. The past few years has seen Tata Steel growing from strength to strength through the path of†¦show more content†¦It is essential to keep this as the backdrop to discuss the change management at Tata Steel, to assimilate the entire process and appreciate why it is rated as one of the most difficult change brought in the history of any industry in the country. WINDS OF CHANGE-THE INESCAPABLE ROUTE The Necessity 6. The Indian trade, industry and economy had been stagnating in the years preceding 1991 due to Govt regulating the industry, and state protection policies of licensing, high tariffs and administered prices. These protectionist policies made our industries complacent and curtailed the competitive spirit of the firms, making them inefficient in the intensely competitive global market. The state of Indian economy was in such doldrums that there was a necessity for the Indian Govt to implement drastic fiscal policies and a controlled deregulation. 7. The Economic Turnaround of 1991. The state of the Indian economy made the govt realise that they could no more remain isolated from the world economy, and therefore, brought in economic liberalisation and free economy. Deregulation, free flow of goods within and outside the country and encouragement of foreign technology became the order of the day. The new policies brought in a fierce competition, which epitomised the age old dictum of ‘survival of the fittest’. Many firms were forced to close shop because of obsolescence of their product or technology and lack of skills toShow MoreRelatedVodafone Case Study3346 Words   |  14 PagesMarketing Management Term Paper: Vodafone’s Advertising Strategy In India Submitted To: Written By: Mr. Vivek Singh Tomar avani kukreja (Vodafone Essar Ltd.) India â€Å"Zoozoo†ed The Background: The Indian telecom scenario had changed ever since the Union government of India changed its strategy on the presence of private sector in the Telecom sector. As a result Vodafone entered India in the year 2005, by acquiring a stake of 10% in Bharti Televentures which laterRead MoreBiography of Kishore Biyani11159 Words   |  45 PagesIndigenous Management System A Report on The biographical analysis of KISHORE BIYANI In the partial fulfillment of the degree of Master’s Of Business Administration (2012-13) Banasthali University Jaipur Campus Submitted by: MBA-IInd SEM 8116 8161 8182 8190 INDEX Sr. No. | Particulars | Page no. | 1. | History | 4 | 2. | Why did you choose that personality? | 5 | 3. | Dream of the Leader | 6 | 4. | SWOT Analysis | 7 | 5. | Stage of Business | 8-10 | 6Read MoreA Study on Customer Preference in Retail Store- Adani Store28361 Words   |  114 Pagesfrom the readers of this project. Dhaval Pandya Mayur Karavadara CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Dhaval Pandya and Mr. Mayur Karavada, the students of M.B.A. 2nd Year of S.K.Patel Institute of Management Computer studies, Gandhinagar have completed their grand project titled as â€Å"A STUDY OF CONSUMER PFERENCE IN GARMENT IN ADANI HYPERMARKET AT AHEMDABAD† in the year 2005-2006 in partial fulfillment of Gujarat University requirement for the awardRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed

Accounting Information System Globe Value Chain

Question: Describe about the Accounting Information System for Globe Value Chain. Answer: Role of Accounting Information System (AIS) Accounting Information System, commonly known as AIS, is a system or structure used by the manages of the organizations to collect, store, manage, retrieve and process the necessary data and information of that organization so that they can be used by the managers, accountants, stakeholders and others who needs them (Soudani, 2012). The AIS plays an important role in the value chain of an manufacturing organization as the ultimate goal of any organization is to provide value to its customers through different products and services. In order to get profit from a business, the created value of the organization must be greater than the cost of production. There are mainly five activities in the value chain of any manufacturing organization. They are inbound logistics, manufacturing operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. Figure 1: Value Chain Activities (Source: Simatupang, Piboonrungroj Williams, 2014) There are four support activities which help the primary activities to perform effectively and efficiently. They are Infrastructure, Technology, Human Resources and Purchasing (Antrs Chor, 2013). The AIS has a very important role to play in the total value chain process. There are various ways by which the AIS add value to the value chain process of a manufacturing organization. The first activity of AIS is to provide accurate as well as timely information to the primary activities of the value chain process. This information includes the information of the purchase of the raw materials, various sales information, carriage and freight information and many others. On the other hand, the AIS system adds value to the value chain by improving the quality of the service. Various necessary information provided by the AIS helps the organizational managers to spot the loopholes in the production process and take action accordingly. One of the most important aspect of AIS is that it helps to reduce the cost of production and this process contributes to the maximum profitability of the organization. There are other ways by which AIS adds value to the value chain of a manufacturing organization like it improves the efficiency of the total manufacturing process of the organization; it improves the decision making quality of the organization by providing necessary data and information; it helps to increase the knowledge sharing ability of the organizational people and many others. Overall it can be said that, a well designed AIS system helps to increase the profitability of the organization by introducing effectiveness and efficiency in the total value chain process (Hall, 2012). AIS Assistance in the Decision Making Process Decision making process is one of the important aspects of any contemporary manufacturing business organization as the success and failure of any business depends upon the effective decisions taken by the managers. Thus, from the above statement it can be understood that it is desired that the decisions taken by the managers are effective and correct (Collier, 2015). There are various factors which have an impact on the decision making process of an organization. One of the factors is the AIS. As discussed above, the primary function of the AIS is to supply the necessary data and information to the value chain of a manufacturing organization. The AIS system of an organization collect, process so that they become meaningful to the organizational managers. Various kind of information is needed for the decision making process like the sales and purchase information, sales information, cash and bank information, payment related information and many others. The AIS system collects process es and stores all this information in an integrated way so that they can be used by the manager at the time of decision making process (Lipi, Rama Agaraj, 2015) The information provided by the AIS system is reliable, relevant, complete, understandable, and verifiable and is provided to the managers at the correct time of decision making process. The decision making process includes the identification of the problem; then selection of the methodology to solve the problem; the collection of necessary relevant data and information; and then take actions to solve the problem. Thus, it can be seen that without providing the necessary relevant data and information about that particular problem, it is not possible to solve the problem. Hence, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that AIS assists the decision making process of contemporary manufacturing companies by providing the necessary relevant data and information in an integrated way (Sari Purwanegara, 2016). Value Chain to Use for Competitive Advantage Value chain is the process or activity by which an organization adds value to its products or services. As per the Figure 1 in the above discussion, there are mainly five aspects or activities of the value chain of a manufacturing company. Each activity is connected to the other activities and each activity needs some specific data and information to be completed. This necessary data and information is provided by the AIS system of that organization. The AIS system collect the necessary data and information, process them in order to make them integrated and then deliver them to the organizational managers through a single particular system (Rainer et al., 2013). Based on this processed and integrated information, the managers take effective and efficient decisions for the success of the organization. In this way, the value chain is used to produce or manufacture high quality goods or products to fulfill the increasing demand of the customers and to make the business profitable. In do ing so, the organization actually adds value to the customers by providing better services than its competitors. In the business world of twenty-first century, a company needs to have something different and unique to stay in the business competition. AIS provide that competitive edge to the value chain of the organization by providing necessary data and information. This is the way by which the value chain of an organization can be used with the help of AIS to gain the long term competitive edge in the market (Dorantes et al., 2013). References Antrs, P., Chor, D. (2013). Organizing the global value chain.Econometrica,81(6), 2127-2204. Collier, P. M. (2015).Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Dorantes, C. A., Li, C., Peters, G. F., Richardson, V. J. (2013). The effect of enterprise systems implementation on the firm information environment.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), 1427-1461. Hall, J. A. (2012).Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Lipi, I., Rama, R., Agaraj, X. (2015). Implications of Accounting Information System Implementation in SMEs: A Study on Retail Business in Vlore Region.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), 553. Rainer, R. K., Cegielski, C. G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I., Sanchez-Rodriguez, C. (2013).Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business. John Wiley Sons. Sari, N. Z. M., SE, M., Purwanegara, H. D. (2016). The Effect of Quality Accounting Information System in Indonesian Government (BUMD at Bandung Area).decision-making,7(2). Soudani, S. N. (2012). The usefulness of an accounting information system for effective organizational performance.International Journal of Economics and Finance,4(5), 136. Simatupang, T. M., Piboonrungroj, P., Williams, S. J. (2014). The Emergence of Value Chain Thinking.Proceedings of T-LOG.

The Harmful Effects of Advertising on Society free essay sample

In today’s society many people see advertising as harmful in many different ways. With today’s society image is everything, and advertising uses this to their advantage. Advertising uses this as a way to make insecure people buy products they do not need. We will write a custom essay sample on The Harmful Effects of Advertising on Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many advertisements that are seen today on television, billboards, newspaper, and magazines are indeed harmful to our eyes and brain. Many of them make people feel like crap, that you dont have this car or that house or that body. Advertising is harmful to society because of its limitations on women, it’s fostering of insecurity, and its promotion of materialism/consumerism. Advertisement is harmful to society because it limits women. Women in today’s society are under a lot of pressure, if it’s the way they look or what they are able to do. Advertising takes advantage of women making them buying items they do not need. Jean Kilbourne noticed an argument in advertising â€Å"that advertising often make, many of them insulting to women’s intelligence and self-esteem† (Kilbourne 457). This meaning that advertising on purpose make women feel pressured to do more because of what is advertised. Gloria Steinem agrees with Kilbourne when saying â€Å"ad agencies are on the phone all the time pushing you to get their product in† (Steinem 150). This meaning that the power of having an advertisement in a women’s magazine is very important to push the reader to that product. Overall advertising is just trying to sell their product in any way shape or form no matter what lines are crossed. Advertising is bad for society because it miss leads people. Inside of most advertisements there will be an attractive women or a male with a hard six pack showing off the product. This could make people insecure and gives them this urge to buy the product that are not necessary for an everyday life. As Kilbourne states that some advertising â€Å"dehumanizes and objectifies people, especially women† (Kilbourne 459). This means that with sexually themes in advertisement make women feel insecure, which is what advertisement want to do. Mark Mille agrees with Kilbourne when talking about a soap commercial he states â€Å"And yet there is not a trace of dirt in the vivid world of this commercial† (Miller 133). This meaning a commercial about soap did not show the product in use like most due, but instead have clean looking people in  the commercial about soap to persuade people to purchase that product. Advertising is harmful to society because of the way in utilizes materialism and consumerism. Materialism consists entirely of physical matter that is the sole cause of every possible occurrence, including human thought, feeling, and action. Adverti sing has two orders of content says Fowls, the first is â€Å"The first is the appeal to deep-running drives in the minds of the consumer† (Fowls 541). This meaning that inside advertisements they try to get inside the head of the potential buyer. When Miller says â€Å"These visual details imply that Gail is quite a powerful house-wife† (Miller 131). Showing a strong wife inside of the commercial is getting into the head of women. Showing them that they need to be this strong. Advertising uses materialism and consumerism in an inappropriate manner that is bad for society. All though many people think advertising is harmful others think it is good for society. That advertising is what creates the market and the demand for products. Without advertising the potential customer will not get informed about the products available. An expert on advertising said, â€Å"Advertising is a tool of communication and helps shape the market† (Calfee97). This meaning that without advertising there would be no defined market and no stable companies. When a company is going into an unstable market their chances of successes are slim. Jib Fowls says â€Å"†¦Create ads more and more in the image of the audience motives and desires† (Fowls 540). This means that when creating an advertisement the goal is not to offend people it’s to inspire them to do more. Inside of advertisement people take it the wrong way then what the creator of it was going for. Advertising is a way to communicate with the potential customer, but is bad for society. Advertising is bad for society because it makes people think less of themselves. When kilbourne says â€Å"There is no doubt that flagrant sexism and sex role stereotypes abound in all forms of the media† (Kilbourne 478). This meaning that the way the media advertises is a reason for eating disorders or alcoholism. Both of those are harmful to people and society. When Steinem says â€Å"Its a difficult art, How many new adjectives can you find? How much greater can you make a lipstick sound? † (Steinem 150). This meaning that when advertising they try to find different ways to say something to trick someone into buy a product that is not needed. Having people being tricked into buying products that are not need is bad for society. Some people say advertising is good because it helps shape the market, but advertising is harmful to society because of it set restrictions on women. Advertisements set restrictions on women to play with their emotions. It’s fostering of insecurity makes women feel bad about them-self and insecure on the way they look. Last its promotion of materialism/consumerism. Some may say that these are good advertisements, but to play with emotions and make someone feel insecure is not good for society. Making people think the way they look is going to make them successful or not is wrong. Advertising is important on shaping the market, but should not go as far as they do to persuade someone in buying a product. Works Cited Calfee, John E. How Advertising Informs to Our Benefits. Common Culture: Reading and Writing about American Popular Culture. Eds. Michael Petracca, Madeleine Sorapure. 4th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2004. 97-109. Print.